Locke + Demosthenes

Who is John Locke and Demosthenes?


John Locke was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of enlightenment thinkers. 


Demosthenes was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of Ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece

Give a summary of each and describe how they are related to Valentine and Peter (2-3 sent).


Peter pretends to be someone called John Locke and Valentine pretends to be Demosthenes. These characters relate to Valentine and Peter as both of them are able to change people's thinking of certain ideas of topics relating to politics. 


Summarize Peter and Valentine's position that they take on the nets.

Demosthenes is against Russia as they are starting to plan a war to gain power. They have a treaty against the buggers this weakens their defense against the buggers. Demosthenes is very radical and puts all her ideas on the net trying to beat Locke. Locke is very moderate and Demosthenes is a very radical person in the way he talks. 




What role does fear play into how successful Valentine and Peter are?

Technological Advance

How is technology a key element in the advancement of the plot? List important technological elements of the story.

- The Monitor
- Space Ships
- Battle Suits
- The Game
- The Battle Room
- Flash Suits
- The Desk
- The Master Command Computer
- Zero Gravity 



Take that list and label whether you think that this technology is good or bad. You can have them in both lists.

- The Monitor - Bad

- Space Ships - Good

- Battle Suits - Good

- The Game - Good

- The Battle Room - Both

- Flash Suits - Good

- The Desk - Good

- The Master Command Computer - Good

- Zero Gravity - Both

Do you think that the story presents technological advance as being positive or negative?


I think the story presents technological advance as being very positive. There are many reasons as they are using this technology for educational and military purposes. The battle room is a very good example as there is this concept of no gravity and things like gates and stars that need to be passed and collected. The whole story is based in space which shows a technological advances that let us live in space. Other advances include the monitor, space ships, the desk, the master command computer, the zero gravity which confuses your sense of direction. 




What part do humans play in this advancement of technology? Do they drive the advancement or are they victims?


Humans play a massive part in this advancement as all of these things could not have be thought and then thus created. Humans have been innovative by thinking of new ideas and thinking of ideas to improve on. The buggers have influenced the humans to create all this as if they don't the buggers will kill them. This shows they don't want to create all these advancements but have to for the only reason to survive. 

Story Based Conclusions On Ender In The Book Chapter 1-7

• Ender adds to the story a sense, of sensitivity because he is super sensitive.
• The story would change because if there was no Ender or a character with less sensitivity the story would change into a story about
• The bullies wouldn’t be needed in the story
• If Ender wasn’t in the story then we wouldn’t have a theme, main character or have any point of the ideas of buggers, battle school and command school
• There is pressure on him, he gets bullied everywhere he goes and is always the one put out
• Maybe its not they great to be the chosen one because he would get bullied and have to be isolated
• The idea of being exploited for being the chosen one
• The story would become more about the Buggers rather than the boy himself. Ender is one of the only characters that is super sensitive.
• We have a story based around the chosen one.
• Main characters need to be smart and sensitive in order for a story to be more interesting and people being feeling sympathy for Ender and his struggle throw
• This story should not be about Ender massacring buggers but making peace with them and forgiving them 
• Ender is the main character in the book. He is bullied everywhere he goes whether it be Earth or at Battle School. The story would change dramatically if Ender was not in the book as the buggers could not be defeated, Mazer Rahckman would not have to ''Babysit'' or teach Ender in Command School, his family wouldn't have the burden of a third in the family and would defeat the purpose of Graff in the story, looking after Ender and pushing him far to have a chance to defeat the buggers. All of these points could not be achieved if Ender was not in the book.

Enders Game Quiz Chapters 1-7

1. What person is the narrative told in? 3rd person
2. What is a 'Third'? A third child in a family (born third)
3. What game does Peter want to play with Ender? Buggers and Astronauts
4. What are two reasons why Ender doesn't want to go to battle school? He will miss his family especially Valentine and doesn't want to be like Peter (A fighter or killer)
5. What type of irony is used when the audience knows more than the characters?
6. How does Graff treat Ender when he first gets to battle school? Badly and differently, not as his friend and points him out amongst the other students making the other students hate Ender
7. Who is Ender's room leader at battle school? Ender is the room leader
8. What happens when Ender goes to the games room for the first time? He watches the bigger kids play and learns from what they do then challenges and beats them
9. Who is Bernard and what is Ender's relationship to him? Another launchie in Enders group and he hates Ender because he broke his arm, he also constantly picks on Ender
10. What role is Alai voted in to? What role does he now play for the group? Unit Leader
11. What mistake does Ender make immediately upon joining Salamander Army?
    What happens to Ender in the battle against Condor that gets him recognition?
    Making friends with the group that out casted Petra
    Ender breaks the rules set by the Commander (Not shooting anyone) and wins the game for the Salamander Army

Chapter 3 + 4 Characterisation Of Ender

Chapter 3
- Ender was scared of facing Stilson at school he didn't know what him and his friends would do to him
- Ender didn't want to go to school that day and then there was a knock at the door it was Graff Ender then thought to himself ''Maybe I don't have to go to school today after all''
- This shows a bit of humor
- Peter said to Ender that he is in big trouble because of what he did to Stilson
- Ender replies by saying he is only a Juvenile and Peter tells him he is third and he has no rights
- The officer asked Ender if he had any explanation for his behavior towards Stilson
- Ender then feels scared and Graff gets him to explain why he kept kicking Stilson
- Ender said so they would never bother him again and now he is starting to feel anger
- Graff then introduces himself and Ender is surprised and confused of what is going on
- Ender was accepted into the school and told that his last step to get there was what happened when they took the monitor off
- There are then many reasons for and against Ender going to Battle school
- Graff explains to Ender what they do there and why he needs to go
- Because he is a third his parents wouldn't miss him after long and this influenced his choice to go as it was what is right and the only that would miss him was Valentine
- Ender thinks about it and decides to go

Chapter 4


- Ender was feeling sick because there was no gravity in the shuttle
- Ender is looking at the Officers and realise's he is being watched and analysed
- Ender was afraid not to be accepted by the other 19 boys and was thinking about being like them but decides not to
- Ender then makes his way up the ladder and floats to his seat in the shuttle and straps in his seat belt
- Ender is then singled out for laughing at Graff cause he is the only ''Smart one'' on the shuttle being he had figured out how the gravity works and knew Graff was upside down
- This made the other students hate Ender and Ender though to himself why was Graff doing this to him
- There was a boy behind Ender on the shuttle and he was kicking his chair
- Ender told him to stop but he didn't so Ender turned around and grabbed his arm
- He twisted it but didn't mean to hurt him as much as he did and little did Ender know he had broken his arm
- Ender then felt really bad as all the other boys looked at him and the other boy screamed out in pain
- Ender felt as though he was a killer like Peter and this is not what he wanted to be a killer. He repeats to himself ''I'm not a killer, I'm not like Peter.''
- Ender then figures out Graff could not be his friend and Ender started worrying about the buggers and wondered how he was going to defeat them

Characterisation

Why is characterisation important?

- Builds a story

- Understanding a character

- More interesting

- Make sense of story

- Connections with character

- Help reader connect 

What are the important elements of characterisation?

Actions

- Thoughts, self belief

- Feelings

- Reaction by other characters 

- Appearance

- What to do

- Personality 

- Goals, objectives, wants

Enders Game Notes First Chapter

The fact that the book was published in 1985 changes my perception of the book as it may reflect things that happened back then. These ideas in the book may have something to do with this time. It also gives us an insight of what people thought of science fiction 25 years ago. They have this perception of the web or internet and that did not exist back then and it does now. So this shows us how they think and what the future may have in stall for us. 

What would you expect:
Start: Orientation, main character, characterisation, setting and plot

What happens:
- Conversation (dialogue) unnamed people (characters
- Unknown third character
- Lots of gaps in detail
- Chosen one
- Saving the world

The Effect:
- Sparse information
- Draws reader suspense/mystery
- War/ enemy and important

Language:
(Words and sentences)
- Young adult
- ''Middle complication'' and sophistication

Repetition:
- ''I've'' (Contraction) - informal
- Simple language --> Soldiers = action
- Verbs (Active - Ran, hit, jump) (Inactive - Is and have)

3rd person narrator:
- Thoughts of Ender
- Two types of narrators
- Omniscient (Thoughts of all characters)
- Limited (Thoughts of 1 character)
- We know it is in 3rd person because of the speech marks

Enders Game Chapter Questions

Third

1. (pg1) Strange that the first chapter is called ‘Third’
2. What can you tell about the story through the use of two different fonts?
3. What person is the narrative told in?
4. We learn about a ‘special’ family.
5. What is the goal of the speakers at the start of the book?
6. What are they watching and what do they decide about their subject? What type of irony is used by the audience having more information than the main character?
7. What is interesting about the surname of the title character? What does it say about his role in the story?
8. What perspective is the narration for the other section of the opening chapter (not the starting bit)?
9. “Sometimes lies were more dependable than the truth.” (2) What is a possible central theme of the book?
10. What does the title ‘Monitor’ represent to the other boys?
11. (5) What connotations does Ender being a ‘third’ have ?
12. What does Ender know about his intelligence in regards to the other boys?
13. (7) What does Ender do to the bullies?
14. The narrator is sympathetic to Ender: ‘This would not have a happy ending. So Ender decided that he would not be the unhappiest at the end.’
15. (8) While Ender seems emotionally stable on the exterior how would you describe his emotional state on the inside?
16. How has the perspective of the narration changed in this statement: ‘I am just like Peter. Take my monitor away; and I am just like Peter.’ What does this imply about Peter?

1) The chapter is called ''Third'' because most families are suppose to have only 2 children but as said in this chapter Ender's family has three.
2) That there are two different discussions happening in two different places most likely connected to each other. 

3) 2nd

4) This ''Special family'' is one that has a third child and this is odd as most families are only suppose to have one or two children. 
5) To give us a bit of an idea of what is going on and what they are doing as characters in this book.
6) They are talking about a family saying that ''I've listened through his ears and watched through his eyes. He is the one.'' Then another person states ''That's what you said about the brother.'' Then a reply of ''He tested out impossible its got nothing to do with his ability.'' ''Same as the sister.'' The irony behind this is we may know what might happen to the main character but he doesn't yet know what is going on. 
7) It is the name given to Ender as he is the third child in his family which is looked down upon. This effects how his family think of him how he feels thus effecting what he does which is his role as a character. 
8) It is written in 3rd person. This is backed up by the use of the word his. 
9) That lies can make you happy and the truth can hurt. 
10)  
11) A third is a child that was born third in the family this is looked down upon by many people and the government. Ender's parents may not love him as equally as his other two siblings. 
12) He know's that he is smarter than everyone else. 
13) Stilson asked to fight Ender and so Ender kicked him and caught Stilson off guard and then fell to the ground and to finish it off he then kept kicking him until he was satisfied they wouldn't even bother him again. 
14) Yes he is and this shows that Ender didn't want to hurt Stilson but Stilson gave him no choice so in the end Ender is no longer the unhappy one in the end. 
15) He is most likely feels sorry for Stilson inside as he is that type of person that never likes to hurt people and only does so they don't hurt him. 
16) It has gone to 1st person and Ender is ashamed that he is like his ruthless brother Peter. 

1. Peter

1. (9) Who are speaking at the beginning of the chapter again?
2. From what these voices say what can we speculate the ‘monitor’ allowed these people to do with Ender?
3. How do the soldiers react to Ender attacking the bully?
4. What effect do the soldiers admit that they had on Ender’s brother Peter?
5. What voice do we switch into when the soldiers section of the text is through?
6. (10) What is Ender’s sister’s name and what is implied by her name?
7. What are the two sides of Peter?
8. (11) What do we learn about the greater world from the description of the game that Peter forces Ender to play called Buggers vs. Astronauts?
9. (13) What informatioin does Valentine have that she uses to keep Peter under control?
10. (15) Who tells the Wiggins to have 3 children? What does this tell us about the power of the government?
11. What does Ender do at the end of the chapter? What emotional state is he in? Why?

1) It is the same people talking in the first chapter. They are talking about Ender. These people are staff in the Battle School. 

2) The monitor allows them to see his feelings, what he is doing and how he is reacting to things. 

3) They react in a very good way as they think it is smart that Ender 'Finished him off'' so the bullies would never both him again.

4) They had a bad effect as they don't no whats going to happen to his brother. 

5) It goes to first person and Valentine is talking to Ender.

6) Valentine a sweet loving name. 

7) An evil side and bored side

8) We learn that there is a world of Buggers out there who always lose to the Astronauts (humans) and that the Buggers cant just go away they will always be hunted down by the Astronauts until the Astronauts are done with them

9) The government tells the Wiggin family ro have 3 children. This shows absolute power by the government to be able to tell a family to have a certain number of children. The government can also take the children if they want to. 

10) Ender peels the Band Aid from his neck and cried for the second time that day. He is in a very poor emotional state because his brother said that he loved Ender and that he is sorry and that he known what it feels like to be like that. He is very happy but sad as well. 

Graff

1. 19) What does Ender get chosen for in the end? Why does he get picked?
2. What reservations does Ender have?
3. (22) What does the soldier say about religion and large families? So is this a religious or secular society? Why?
4. What does ‘Third’ mean? Why is this such a big deal?
5. (22) What do we learn about the ‘society’ what countries on earth make it up?
6. What big decision does Ender have to make? What are the reasons against it/for it? What does he decide? Why? What would you decide?

1) Because he was being smart about the bullying situation so they wouldn't hurt Ender again. 

2) That he wants to leave his family because he has been per swayed by Graff that they don't care if he leaves and don't love him as much as they do Peter and Valentine. 

3) That his parents are vary religious and that they won't miss him when he is gone because of their strong religious belief's. 

4) Third means a third child and it is such a big deal because this child is not loved and looked after as much as the other two children. 

5) That having a third is very poorly looked upon and people's parents like Enders are ashamed and embarrassed to have a third and have to lie about where they are from. 

6) He makes the decision to leave. The cons are that he would miss his family and especially Valentine and he wouldn't seen them for a couple of years. The pro's are if he leaves his parents won't miss him and he has the opportunity to do something he is good at. I would chose to go. 

Launch

1. (27) How do the updates from the soldiers at the start of the chapter represent dramatic irony?
2. (28) How do we know that this society is capitalistic?
3. (29) Is there censorship? If so, how do you know?
4. (31) What does Ender do while Graff is speaking to the boys? How does he react to Ender? Why does he react this way?
5. (35) How does Graff view humans?
6. (36) What does Graff say about ‘doing bad things’ as soldiers?
7. What role has Ender been given for the survival of the human species?

1) 

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)
7)

Science Fiction Genre

1) Where did the science fiction genre come from?
It came from the scientists trying to explain the universe and different occurrences that happen. It developed from scientific research and different fiction stories. It was developed during the Scientific Revelation from Galileo and Newton whilst trying to explain physics, astronomy and mathematics. Some also say that the Gothic novel Frankenstein was the first science fiction book ever written.


2) What did it grow from?
Science fiction has evolved from the 'pulp-futuristic' tale, into a whole unique genre. The broad term 'science fiction' covers only the trunk of the tree but there are many branches called sub-genres. These branches also fall into this classification, such as aliens.


3) Consider the role of other genres which had a direct or indirect influence on the development of science   fiction? For example Horror or thrillers.
The role of other genres has had a direct influence because the first science fiction writer wanted his book to be different and unique from other genres. This change midway caused a change in the types of books written.


Categories - 

Science fiction can be broken up into sub categories. These sub categories include Hard Sci Fi, Soft and Social Sci Fi, Cyberpunk, Time Travel, Alternate History, Military SF, Superhuman, Apocalyptic, Space Opera, Space Western, Feminist Science Fiction, New Wave, Steam Punk, Comic Science Fiction, Anthropological Science Fiction and Bio-punk. 

Hard Sci Fi is characterized by rigorous attention to accurate detail in quantitative sciences. Especially in physics, astrophysics and chemistry or on accurately depicting worlds that more advanced technology may make possible. 

The description "soft" science fiction may describe works based on social sciences such as psychology, economics, political science, sociology, and anthropology.  The term can describe stories focused primarily on character and emotion.

The Cyberpunk genre emerged in the early 1980s. It combed "cybernetics" and "punk.'' The term was coined by author Bruce Bethke for his 1980 short story "Cyberpunk". The time frame is usually near-future and the settings are often dystopian.

Time travel stories have antecedents in the 18th and 19th centuries. The most famous is H. G. Wells's 1895 novel The Time Machine, which uses a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively, while Twain's time traveler is struck in the head.

Military science fiction is set in the context of conflict between national, interplanetary or interstellar armed forces; the primary viewpoint characters are usually soldiers. Stories include detail about military technology, procedure, ritual and history military stories may use parallels with historical conflicts. 

Superhuman stories deal with the emergence of humans who have abilities beyond the norm. This can stem either from natural causes such as in Olaf Stapledon's novel Odd John and Theodore Sturgeon's More Than Human or be the result of intentional augmentation such as in A. E. van Vogt's novel Slan.

Apocalyptic fiction is concerned with the end of civilization through war, pandemic, astronomic impact, ecological disaster, or mankind's self-destruction or some other general disaster or with a world or civilization after such a disaster.

Space opera is adventure science fiction set in outer space or on distant planets, where the emphasis is on action rather than either science or characterization. The conflict is heroic and typically on a large scale. Space opera is sometimes used pejoratively to describe improbable plots, absurd science, and cardboard characters.

Space Western is a sub-genre of space opera that transposes themes of the American Western books and film to a backdrop of futuristic space frontiers. These stories typically involve "frontier" colony worlds serving as stand-ins for the backdrop of lawlessness and economic expansion that were predominant in the American west.

Feminist science fiction poses questions about social issues such as how society constructs gender roles, the role reproduction plays in defining gender and the unequal political and personal power of men and women. 

New Wave is a term applied to science fiction writing characterised by a high degree of experimentation both in form and in content, and a highbrow and self-consciously "literary" or artistic sensibility.

Steam punk is based on the idea of futuristic technology existing in the past usually the 19th century and often set in Victorian era England. But with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of H. G. Wells,Jules Verne or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date. 

Comic science fiction is a sub-genre that exploits the genre's conventions for comic effect.

Anthropological science fiction is a sub-genre that absorbs and discusses anthropology and the study of human kind. Examples include Hominids by Robert Sawyer and Neanderthal by John Darnton.

Anthropological science fiction is a sub-genre that absorbs and discusses anthropology and the study of human kind. Examples include Hominids by Robert Sawyer, and Neanderthal by John Darnton.

Conventions - 

Science Fiction is a genre with many conventions. These conventions is what makes this genre interesting draws people to it. Some of these conventions include robots, aliens, space, time travel, super humans, super hero's, some of the thriller and horror aspects have also been added. 

More conventions include babelcon was established in 2006 the convention took place at the Cook Hotel and Lod & Carole Cook Alumni Center on the campus of Louisiana State University. It is a project of the non-profit Science & Engineering Education Foundation.

Chattacon is organised by the nonprofit Chattanooga Speculative Fiction Fans Incorporation. First held in 1976, the convention drew more than 1,000 attendees to the Chattanooga Choo Choo Hotel in 2010.

Itzacon is a one or two-day science fiction convention held occasionally in the Dallas, Texas area mostly on Thanksgiving weekend. The organizers described Itzacon as "An occasional event meant to serve as a party, a mini-con, a chance to hang out and just have fun.''

Lunacon is an annual science fiction convention organised by The Lunarians. First held in May 1957, it is the oldest science fiction convention in New York state and is generally held on the third weekend of March. The programming is typical of a fannish convention, including anime, panel discussions on a variety of topics, filk music, crafts workshops, an art show and auction, a game room and a large masquerade.

These are just few of the many science fiction conventions that make up this science fiction genre.